Space Troll: Discussing the REAL future of Humanity

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2005-08-19T04:03:00.000Z

Gawd, I hate these guys. I'm making this post to get one without comments on top to end the ad comments.

It was good to get one shuttle flight done, during which two things were demonstrated: One, the importances of having the ultimately flexible machine- man- available on site to solve problems. The other thing demonstrated: that the NASA bureacracy can no longer efficiently solve problems. Why not turn over the foam problem to problem-solvers that have proven their efficiency and innovation, like these guys?

Interplanetary robotic tenacity

2005-04-07T04:22:00.000Z

The Energizer Bunny has got nothing on the two Mars Rovers. NASA is giving a third extension to their mission team for up to another 18 months. Not that they don’t have some wear and tear to show for it: Spirit’s drilling tool is worn out and Opportunity’s thermal emission spectrometer is on the fritz. Still, incredible endurance for machinery designed for a 90 day mission. Even the Martian weather. seems to be helping the robotic explorers along. Maybe it’ll take a Martian showing up to take them away to turn them into coffee tables to end the mission. Still, it will take human minds onsite to give the level of flexibility of exploration necessary to come up with in-depth, practical knowledge of Mars.

Solar Sails fastest way to Mars?

2005-02-13T02:38:00.000Z

Source: Space.com

Photo from Space.com

I posted about this earlier on my site, but you might have heard about Gregory Benford, who is a professor of physics at UC Irvine as well as a notable science fiction author. Gregory, along with his brother James conducted an interesting experiment.

Dr. Benford and his brother James were testing a very thin carbon-mesh sail, using microwaves as the energy source for propulsion. Unexpectedly, the sail experienced a force considerably greater than predicted. They theorized that the heat from the microwave beam was causing carbon monoxide gas to escape from the sail's surface; the recoil from the escaping molecules provided what could be a useful adjunct to the propulsive force experienced by light sails.

They believe that by beaming microwave energy up from Earth to boil off volatile molecules from a specially formulated paint applied to the sail will provide enough added force to propel a spacecraft to Mars in record time. "It's a different way of thinking about propulsion," Gregory Benford says. "We leave the engine on the ground." Their research will be published this month in the journal Acta Astronautica.

I look forward towards the publication of this article. More from Space.com:

This is how it would work: a rocket would take the craft to low-Earth orbit, whereupon the craft would unfurl a 100 meter diameter sail. A transmitter on Earth would fire a one-hour burst of microwaves at it to heat it up, accelerating the craft to 60 kilometres per second. This would set an interplanetary speed record for space probes.

This might be an alternative to nuclear propulsion as that can not only be expensive but also dangerous (would you fly with a nuclear reactor strapped to your back?). The project has major undertakings though.

The plan would require a 60-megawatt microwave beam with a similar diameter as the sail that was capable of tracking the craft. The deep-space communications network that NASA uses to communicate with Mars rovers and the Cassini probe now orbiting Saturn can only output half a megawatt.

Constructing this would be a major task for NASA, but the prize could be far more rewarding than their pursuit of rocket or nuclear propulsion. Although this is a good idea, I would recommend that the "solar sail" be equipped with rockets (chemical or nuclear) in the event that they "sail off course" or in order to gain speed around a planet. Either way I congratulate the Benford brothers and look forward to their proposal towards the space community (and hopefully NASA's as well). Selah!)

Global Warming on Mars?

2005-02-05T03:01:00.000Z

Source (Better Humans)

Believe or not many scientists think that one solution to colonizing the "Red Planet" would be through injecting synthetic green house gases that are more powerful than the regular carbon dioxide.

The approach developed by Marinova and colleagues involves artificially created greenhouse gases nearly 10,000 times more effective than carbon dioxide. Using a computer model of the Martian atmosphere, the researchers analyzed four of the best candidate gases individually and in combination.

Focusing on fluorine-based gases, which are composed of elements readily available on the Martian surface, the found that a compound called octafluoropropane produced the greatest warming alone and even more warming in combination with several similar gases.

Although I think there is personally nothing financial to gain from the Red Planet for the immediate future, these procedures could enable an "Earth Like" world on Mars for future generations. I see Mars as more of a testing ground for more glories prizes on Jupiter and Saturn's moons (the icy worlds of Europa, Mimas, Enceladus and the methane world of Titan).

Credit: NASA Glenn Research Center

From red to blue: A new proposal for creating a runaway greenhouse effect on Mars could feasibly make the planet more hospitable in centuries

One draw back to this measure though is the American public (as well as the international space lovers) may be impatient to fund such procedures and focus will most likely focus their energies on the Moon, which is probably a more practical spot since it's about 3 days journey away from our homeworld. However if these scientists are correct then implementing such procedures NOW on the red planet would be a wise investment for the future (unless of coarse hyper jumps are invented and we simply travel to more promising worlds beyond our solar system). All of the needed chemicals already exist on Mars, and although this may take several hundred years to complete it would be well worth the wait if a "Green Mars" emerged.

Last excerpt from "Better Humans:"

Adding about 300 parts per million of the gas mixture in the current Martian atmosphere, the researchers say, could spark a runaway greenhouse effect that causes the evaporation of carbon dioxide on the Martian surface. This in turn would lead to further melting, temperature increases, enhanced atmospheric pressure and a thicker atmosphere.

I've had my say about colonization, what's your view? Selah!

Hubble not to be rescued

2005-01-22T05:32:00.000Z

After the last blue-sky posting, I thought I’d discuss something a bit more hard-nosed.

The story is that NASA is going to submit a budget that scraps efforts to save the Hubble space telescope . This is likely as much a political ploy as a true financial decision; the Hubble has a lot of popular appeal and NASA expects an outcry to help boost their budget. In this way, NASA is functioning by the basic rule of all government agency; cut your most public program to help your budget requests.

I’m sorry, but saving it is not worth the billion or more it will cost to salvage it. There is no question that it has inspired imagination as well as provided some real science. But is the additional ROI worth another billion? Considering that exceeds the entire cost of the two Mars rovers (admittedly, an excessively successful mission, making up for two previous disasters with no return), I personally don’t think so. Hard decisions need to be made to get concentration back on real human-oriented space exploration, this is one of them. Once there is a more permanent presence of human in space, the cost factor for a new telescope rapidly improves.

The ‘Duhh!’ award (along with the kudo award) of the week go to the Cassini/Huygens team. It seems most of the wind measurement readings have been lost because the readouts were not switched over to the proper transponder, sending it through the erratic, slower frequency. After seven years, a significant amount of important data was lost because somebody forgot to pick up the remote and change the channel?? Still, the rest of the outstanding success of the Titan mission makes just a point of minor humor.

The Search for Extra-Terrestrial Life

2005-01-19T03:03:00.000Z

The search for extra-terrestrial life is one of the most exciting areas of long-term space exploration. By that, I am not refering to the silly 'UFO' type of search; I'm talking the search for those planets capable of sustaining life and the exploration of such planets.

However, I think that search is overly biased in terms of our own 'traditional'
form of life. I remember a presentation on the exciting finds on Jupiter's moon Europa, that seems to indicate the presence of a salty ocean underneath a layer of ice, possibly as thin as one mile thick. One scientist, obviously quite nervous about going out so far on a limb as to suggest the slight possibility of life uderneath that ice. But, he was quick to point out, it would be simple microbial forms at best.

That statement convinces me that they are thinking with Earth-based blinders on. Just because life here that exists without oxygen and dependent on chemical processes without light (anaerobic lithotropes) is only microbial, doesn't mean that's all they'd be there. They wouldn't face competition from the more energy efficient processes involving light and oxygen, so who knows.
For those interested in the type of biochemistry involved, here are a few links (stuff I had to memorize a couple decades ago :):

Sulfur Cycle - Nitrification Cycle - Non-traditional Biochemical Cycles

And all of this assumes water as the solvent of life, which is the only form we know. Does that preculde the possibility of another solvent of life, such as liquid mehane? And, if such life could exist, would we even be able to recognize it as life? It seems highly unlikely, but there has been very little research on complex molecular structures at temperatures that far below our ambient temperature. We simply don't know.

Think the above sounds far-fetched? How about life thriving around underwater volcanic vents at boiling temperatures? Or living organisms in burning coal refuse piles at ph 0 and sixty degrees Centigrade? Both exist right here on Earth; living proof that life is really stubborn.

This beach would be a bit nippy; liquid ethane, maybe??

2005-01-15T16:05:00.000Z

Congratulations to the Cassini/Huygens team on the first successful landing on another planet's moon! Although I agree with this assessment on how the announcement was handled, it beat my local paper in Dallas; the article was on 18a!
A great accomplishment, nonetheless, and an imprtant milestone in extraterrestrial investigation. After all, the moons of Saturn and Jupiter is where things really get interesting (a topic to be detailed later)

A possible lake or methane or ethane.

The suggestion is that these may be ice boulders.

Mars Options

2005-01-10T01:26:00.000Z

To truly advance manned exploration of space, a single, definitive, long-range plan has to be developed, agreed upon, and pursued on an international level. There are several possible approaches, each having its advantages and problems, as weel as detractors and advocates: However, all start out by heading to Mars; the one place with all the fundamental building blocks to sustain Earth's form of life. The approaches:

Space station continuance, Lunar outpost, Manned Mars mission
The previous NASA, go slow approach. Supposedly the safest and having the most subsidiary benefits, but unquestionably the most expensive and lengthy. The theory is such ‘baby step’ approach provides the best safety factor, as well as lower probability of catastrophic failure. The issue is both a cost and a focus factor; is today’s society capable of the kind of diverse, yet directed, long-term effort?

Space Station de-emphasis; Lunar outpost, Mars mission
This argument, currently held by many in the Bush Administration (including the boss), recognizes what has happened over time; that the Space station plans grew to a point to consume the resources and the focus of outward-bound manned efforts. Bureaucracy and political back-scratching has taken hold. It is time to recognize that the value of the Space Station effort toward the final goal has grown minimalistic and the time has come to redirect the primary efforts elsewhere. Bush sees it this way and NASA has reluctantly responded. I doubt my fellow blogger Maryam agrees with this, but that’s freedom of speech. She is more than free to blast me on it; I’m the theorist here, she the one who does it (hopefully).

Direct to Mars mission
This position is strongly advocated by a small, noisy, but technically competant group called the The Mars Society, their primary spokesman being Dr. Robert Zubrin. Their point is that all other steps are unnecessary and detract resources from the key first goal. They have a pretty tight argument and technology plan of sending unmanned processing plants to use the thin atmosphere of Mars to produce essential supplies and return fuel prior to sending the exploration team. My own background in biology and chemistry tells me the approach is feasible. Risky, but certainly the least expensive and potentially quickest result. The problem; they lack any significant support in governmental circles, the only place that- for now- matters.

Myself, I lean toward the third option, though I don't think it will happen. The first is not focused enough and the second could get tied up in providing resources continually to a Lunar colony, if the resources (primarily water) all have to be shipped from Earth. However, if some source of water (underground ice or- very unlikely- a small, redirectable NEAR asteroid and a viable acquisition plan) can be found on the moon that would allow local generation of resources necessary to sustain a lunar outpost, it would be a less-risky first step.

Comment what you think.

All aboard who's coming aboard. What? No food service?

2005-01-07T19:52:00.000Z

Russia's space agency Roskosmos announced that it would stop giving free rides to US astronauts beginning in 2006. US space shuttles have been grounded since February of 2003, when the shuttle Columbia burned up on re-entry and they have been relying on the Russian workhorse spacecraft for transportation to the orbital outpost.

Roskosmos is hoping to expand its space tourism program; two people are currently under consideration for flights on a Russian space craft to the International Space Station. So far, two passengers have paid $20 million (US) for tourist trips to the ISS aboard Soyuz craft.

Full Story

Delta 4 Heavy debut

2004-12-22T04:10:00.000Z

One key part of the space programs has to be lift capacity and the current situation is depressing. Today, the Delta 4 Heavy was successfully tested by Boeing; the article described it as ‘mammoth’. How mammoth is it? It is capable of putting 25 Kilotons in Low Earth Orbit. Is this progress? Of a sort; but when you look at 35 years ago, it’s not impressive at all. A Saturn V (the platform for the Apollo program) was capable of handling FOUR times as much! The new rocket is cheaper in real dollars in cost per kilo, but that fact remains: the U.S. (and other program) don’t have near the lift capacity we used to have.

Vast improvement in electronics makes this less significant to satellite and robotic programs, but the fact remains: to get man into space, there has to be a significant increase in lift capacity.

Russia has an Energia launch system that can be built up to larger load capacities and they are pushing it for Mars exploration; problem is, it is completely untested and Russia is having more trouble in their program than the U.S. from a budget viewpoint. The Chinese are entering the fray, but are looking to put up a 20 ton launch system, still vastly smaller than in the 60s. It’s got to get better.

Why Human Space Exploration and how to continue?

2004-12-17T23:37:00.000Z

(This site will be undergoing substantial enhancements as I can get to them. I’ll be happy to entertain any and all suggestions, especially in terms of key- but not too numerous- links to other space-related sites.)

Why is space exploration- by humans- important? Because the human race, as a whole, is rapidly running out of alternatives to maintain the ‘frontier culture’ and exploratory viewpoint that looks beyond the individual. While medicine is truly the most humanitarian of frontiers, it is very much self-centered. Medicine is about extending our own lives, not so much as a benefit to society (no matter how much we claim otherwise). The physical frontiers- whether the American Expansion in the 19th century or space in the 21st – combine the individual’s achievement with that of the society, binding them as a whole.

This binding and these achievements can only go so far with robotic technology. Beyond the substantial societal need to put a human face on the frontier, the practical requirement here is far less about technology as it is about an immutable law of physics; the speed of light is constant. Can one imagine trying to control a robot on Europa (where life may be discovered under the ice) from Earth, given the absurdly slow reaction time that the speed of light would cause? And it will be a long time before artificial intelligence will be as flexible and adjustable as human for any reasonable cost. (After all, the human being is still the only super-computer that can be mass-produced with unskilled labor :) )

So manned space exploration must go forward. But how? Is the infrastructure used in past space ventures suitable for the future? I would say not. Driven by nationalistic pride, both NASA and their Soviet counterparts performed miracles up through the 70s. However, financial consideration in Russia, coupled with the tendency of large government bureaucracies to lost focus in anything but sustaining the bureaucracies in America have combined to kill the initiative and true goal orientation of both efforts. In the U.S., measuring a project’s worthiness is now based on determining the number of congressional districts that can get their share of the economic pie involved. Hardly the proper way to run goal-oriented space effort.

I believe the answer lies in the true commercialization- at a fully international level- of the effort, combining the powers of private enterprise, the specific construction talents of each space-faring nation, and the iron-clad commitment to a few specific goals:

To reduce the cost per pound to orbit

To reduce vehicle and station costs by standardized, repeatable components.

To set a specific goal of establishing a significant human presence on either the Mon or Mars (or both) by a set timeframe. Pick the goals and stick by them.

To retain and use technology that works, rather than continuously pursuing new technology when not needed. (Much of the traditional heavy-lift engineering capability has evaporated in the U.S.; retired or passed on.)

To completely de-politicize the space effort, both internally and externally. All decisions made based on technical merits to achieve the goals above.

To do so as safely as possible, but always recognizing that there are risks in space exploration and that simplicity nearly always aids safety.

To cooperate and coordinate with any other remaining space efforts.

I will be glad to hear the thoughts of others on all of this.

Welcome to the Space Troll site

2004-12-17T02:20:00.000Z

A young lady from Kuwait named Maryam caused me to create this blog. Her ambition is to become an astronaut (or cosmonaut, taikonaut or whatever; it doesn't matter that much once up there). I envy and honor her ambition, because I feel what we do in space will be the most important thing that we will leave our great- great- great- grandchildren.

What we leave to these distant generations is rarely thought about and discussed today, but it must be. Societies exploring outward thrive and remain healthy; societies that don't turn inward and degenerate. This has been shown to be true hundreds of times throughout human history.

So this site is dedicated to the discsussion of space exploration as a necessary human endeavour; sources of information, debates on approaches, and anything else people wish to bring up in this arena.

Many thanks, Maryam; and never give up on your goal!